Graham Pemberton
1 min readJul 22, 2019

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Hi. Very interesting, and you make it sound convincing. However, you fail to mention that Hubble himself did not believe the redshift to be evidence of an expanding universe, and preferred the tired-light theory.

  • E. Hubble and R. C. Tolman, “Two methods of investigating the nature of the nebular red-shift”, Astrophysical Journal 82 (1935): 302–37
  • “Effects of red shifts on the distribution of mebulae”, Astrophysical Journal 84 (1936): 517

He said that “the expanding models are a forced interpretation of the observational results” (second paper p554). This is surely significant, although he might have been wrong, of course.

Also, regarding the microwave background radiation, before Alpher/ Herman/Gamow, Erich Regener had predicted the existence of a microwave background produced from the warming of interstellar dust particles by high-energy cosmic rays, thus not a product of a Big Bang. He also predicted it with much greater accuracy that the Big Bang theorists who followed.

  • ‘Der Energiestrom der Ultrastrahlung’, Zeitschrift für Physik 80, 1933, pp666–69

So, the CMBR does not have to be evidence of the Big Bang.

Do you have any comments?

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Graham Pemberton
Graham Pemberton

Written by Graham Pemberton

I am a singer/songwriter interested in spirituality, politics, psychology, science, and their interrelationships. grahampemberton.com spiritualityinpolitics.com

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